William was born about 1641, the son of Thomas Hesketh but his mother is unknown. The place is not known.
He died after 1681. The place is not known.
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| Event | Date | Details | Source | Multimedia | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | ABT 1641 | ||||
| Death | AFT 1681 |
Note 1
!Source: Full text of "The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster;"
The Victoria history of the Counties of England, EDITED BY WILLIAM PAGE, F.S.A., A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE, VOLUME VI, THE VICTORIA HISTORY
https://archive.org/stream/cu31924088434620/cu31924088434620_djvu.txt#:~:text=k%20[Standish]%2C%20211%20Emmott%20[Whalley]%2C%20525%20Euxton,[p]%20115%2C%20[m]%20115%20Thorp%20[Croston]%2C%20104.
The Poor's Stock, the accumulation of
a number of gifts, can be traced back to
1681, when it amounted to £32 1¢s.
Soon afterwards it was augmented by a
gift from William Hesketh, shoemaker—
£175, according to Bishop Gastrell—and
otherwise increased, and land was pur-
chased by the trustees of this and other
charities, the rents amounting to £41 105.
in 1828, The net income is now a little
less than this.
Notes: 1. The Statute of Artificers 1563 made apprenticeship effectively compulsory for most people without an independent income. Children without means could be bound out at as young as 7, into service or apprenticeship with little choice. Anyone not already established could be compelled into work. More affluent families had greater freedom in how this was applied, often picking something that they felt they could use in their normal life or as a hobby.
2. We do not yet have enough base to guarantee the correct placement for this William, but he fits here in time, place, and status.
!Source: Statute of Artificers 1562 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Artificers_1562#:~:text=The%20act%20controlled%20entry%20into%20the%20class,meet%20by%20their%20directions%20to%20be%20rated&text=%27%20Sections%2018%2D19%20provided%20that%20if%20employers,the%20set%20rates%2C%20they%20could%20be%20imprisoned.
The Statute of Artificers 1563 or the Artificers and Apprentices Act 1563 , also known as the Statute of Labourers 1562,[1] was an act of the Parliament of England, under Queen Elizabeth I, which sought to fix prices, impose maximum wages, restrict workers' freedom of movement and regulate training. The causes of the measures were short-term labour shortages due to mortality from epidemic disease, as well as, inflation, poverty, and general social disorder.[2] Local magistrates had responsibility for regulating wages in agriculture. Guilds in England regulated wages of the urban trades. Effectively, it transferred to the newly forming English state the functions previously held by the feudal craft guilds.[3] The measure sought to make agriculture a trade and a national priority of employment.[1]
Content and case law
The act controlled entry into the class of skilled workmen by providing a compulsory seven years' apprenticeship, reserved the superior trades for the sons of the better off, empowered justices to require unemployed artificers to work in husbandry, required permission for a workman to transfer from one employer to another and empowered justices to fix wage rates for virtually all classes of workmen.
Section 15 of the act required justices at general sessions to set a yearly wage assessment ‘respecting the plenty or scarcity of the time’, covering ‘so many of the said artificers, handicraftsmen, husbandmen or any other labourer, servant or workman, whose wages in time past hath been by any law or statute rated and appointed, as also the wages of all other labourers, artificers, workmen or apprentices of husbandry, which have not been rated as they [the justices] … shall think meet by their directions to be rated...’ Sections 18-19 provided that if employers and workers agreed wages above the set rates, they could be imprisoned.
Hobbs v Young 1 Show KB 266, Holt CJ, on apprentices under the 1562 Statute
Trades that were not yet in existence when the statute was enacted were considered outside its scope.[4]
Legacy
The Select Committee on Temporary Laws and Courtenay Ilbert described the act as one of the first Consolidation Acts, as the preamble of the act gave reasons for the expediency of consolidation.[1]
The act was abolished by the Wages, etc., of Artificers, etc. Act 1813 , as enlightened thought challenged existing notions of 'privilege'. This development was one of a series of initiatives that the British Parliament undertook to support the vastly changed economic climate of the nineteenth century.[5]
The whole act was repealed by section 17 of the Combinations of Workmen Act 1825 .
See also
UK labour law
Labour law
History of competition law
Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and Statute of Labourers 1351, which after the Black Death fixed maximum wages of peasantry.
Notes
Section 1.
Ilbert, Courtenay . Legislative methods and forms. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 44. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
Holderness, B. A. . Pre-industrial England: economy and society, 1500-1750. London : Totowa, N.J: Dent; Rowman & Littlefield. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-87471-910-9.
Hunt, Emery K. . History of economic thought: a critical perspective . Armonk, NY: Sharpe. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7656-0607-5.
"Apprenticeship in England". www.familysearch.org. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
Mokyr, Joel . The enlightened economy: an economic history of Britain, 1700-1850. The new economic history of Britain. New Haven : Yale university press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-300-12455-2.
References
Deakin, S. F.; Wilkinson, Frank . The law of the labour market: industrialization, employment, and legal evolution. Oxford monographs on labour law. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-815281-1.
Woodward, Donald . "The Background to the Statute of Artificers: The Genesis of Labour Policy, 1558-63". The Economic History Review. 33 : 32–44. doi:10.2307/2595542. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2595542.